Applications:
1. DNA/RNA extraction: isolating DNA or RNA from biological samples through processes such as phenol-chloroform extraction or column-based purification.
2. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): allow for the precise and controlled mixing of reaction components such as DNA templates, primers, and nucleotides.
3. Protein analysis: including protein quantification, immunoprecipitation, and protein purification.
4. Cell culture: including cell lysis, centrifugation, and storage of cell pellets.
5. Enzyme assays: enzyme kinetics studies or enzyme activity measurements often require microcentrifuge tubes for sample preparation and analysis.
6. Sample storage: storing small volume samples at low temperatures to maintain sample integrity.
7. Sample concentration: concentrating dilute samples through techniques such as ethanol precipitation or ultrafiltration.
8. Nucleic acid purification: plasmid minipreps, gel extraction, and column-based DNA/RNA purification.
9. Microbiological assays: including bacterial culture, cell counting, and antibiotic susceptibility testing.
10. Clinical diagnostics: clinical laboratories for processes like serum or plasma separation, as well as for storing small volume patient samples for analysis or further testing.